What is the difference between PPR and CPR?
Terminology varies. PPR often describes full pulse cycles per revolution, while a controller using quadrature edge counting may report four counts per cycle. Confirm the convention used by both parties.
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Encoder interface guide
Incremental A/B/Z Encoder Outputs
Understand incremental encoder A/B quadrature, Z index, PPR, output circuits and controller input compatibility.
DIRECT ANSWER
An incremental encoder produces A and B pulse channels with a phase offset so the controller can calculate movement and direction. An optional Z index provides a periodic reference, commonly once per revolution. Correct integration requires matching PPR, maximum pulse frequency, output circuit, supply, voltage level and controller counter input.
✓ A/B quadrature for movement and direction✓ Optional Z reference channel✓ NPN, PNP, push-pull and differential options✓ PPR and controller counting mode must be distinguished
SELECTION TABLE
Incremental output selection
Use this table as an initial engineering checklist. Final model configuration must be confirmed against the controller, mechanical drawing and operating environment.
Selection itemEngineering check
ResolutionEncoder PPR and whether the controller counts one, two or four edges per cycle
FrequencyMaximum shaft speed multiplied by pulses per revolution and counting mode
Output circuitNPN, PNP, push-pull or line driver matched to the controller input
ReferenceWhether Z is required for homing, registration or a once-per-revolution event
ENGINEERING PROCESS
How to select the right configuration
- 01
Calculate the movement resolution required at the machine.
- 02
Convert maximum shaft speed and PPR into pulse frequency.
- 03
Match supply, signal voltage and input circuit.
- 04
Confirm shaft, coupling, flange, cable and environmental requirements.
RELEVANT PRODUCTS
Technical product pages
Industrial Incremental Rotary Encoder
Configurable pulse feedback for speed, direction, counting and relative position measurement.
View parameters and drawings →
Incremental Draw-wire Displacement Sensor
Cable-extension mechanism paired with an incremental encoder for relative travel and speed.
View parameters and drawings →
Servo Motor Spindle Absolute Encoder
High-precision optical-grating absolute feedback for servo motors, CNC spindles and precision drive systems.
View parameters and drawings →COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently asked questions
What does the B channel do?
The phase relationship between A and B allows the controller to determine direction and can increase count resolution through edge decoding.
Do I need the Z channel?
Use Z when the controller needs a repeatable reference event. Speed-only or relative counting applications may not require it.
RELATED GUIDANCE
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EDITORIAL SCOPE
How this guidance is prepared
FOSAI consolidates available supplier technical material into a buyer-oriented selection guide. Parameters, certifications and compatibility are not generalized across every model; the final suffix, controlled drawing and project conditions must be confirmed before ordering.
MODEL SELECTION SUPPORT
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